Zambia

Zambia, movomerezeka Republic of Zambia, ndi dziko lopanda malire kum'mwera kwa Africa (ngakhale kuti malo ena amasankha kuti akhale mbali ya kum'maŵa kwa Africa), pafupi ndi Democratic Republic of Congo kumpoto, Tanzania kumpoto- kum'maŵa, Malaŵi kummawa, Mozambique kumwera chakum'maŵa, Zimbabwe ndi Botswana kum'mwera, Namibia kumwera chakumadzulo, ndi Angola kumadzulo. Mzindawu ndi Lusaka, kum'mwera kwa dziko la Zambia. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimawonekera makamaka ku Lusaka kum'mwera ndi Province la Copperbelt kumpoto chakumadzulo, malo akuluakulu azachuma a dzikoli.

Poyamba anthu a Khoisan ankakhala, derali linakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa Bantu kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Atapita kukachezera ofufuza a ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, derali linakhala otetezera ku Britain a Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia ndi North-Eastern Rhodesia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Izi zinagwirizanitsidwa mu 1911 kupanga Northern Rhodesia. Kwa nthawi yambiri ya ukapolo, Zambia idayang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira omwe anasankhidwa kuchokera ku London ndi malangizo a Company South Africa.

Pa 24 Oktoba 1964, Zambia inadziimira yekha ku United Kingdom ndi nduna yaikulu Kenneth Kaunda anakhala pulezidenti woyamba. Kaunda a Socialist United National Independence Party (UNIP) anakhalabe ndi mphamvu kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1991. Kaunda adagwira nawo ntchito yayikulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, akugwirizana kwambiri ndi United States pofunafuna njira zothetsera mikangano ku Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Angola, ndi Namibia. Kuchokera mu 1972 mpaka 1991 Zambia inali chipani cha chipani chimodzi ndi UNIP monga chipani chokha cha ndale chalamulo pamutu wakuti "One Zambia, One Nation". Kaunda adatsogoleredwa ndi Frederick Chiluba wa Movement Social Demokrasi Movement for Multi-Party Democracy mu 1991, kuyambira nthawi ya chikhalidwe cha zachuma ndi zachuma. Levy Mwanawasa, wolowa m'malo mwa Chiluba, adayang'anira Zambia kuchokera mu January 2002 mpaka imfa yake mu August 2008, ndipo akuyamikira kuti ali ndi ndondomeko zochepetsera chiphuphu ndi kuwonjezera miyezo ya moyo.Pambuyo pa imfa ya Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda adakali Pulezidenti wotsatizana asanasankhidwe Pulezidenti mu 2008. Banda adachita ntchitoyi kwa zaka zitatu zokha, Banda adatsika atagonjetsedwa mu chisankho cha 2011 ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Patriotic Front Michael Sata. Sata anamwalira pa 28 Oktoba 2014, pulezidenti wachiwiri wa Zambia kuti afe. Guy Scott anatumikira mwachidule ngati pulezidenti wamakono mpaka chisankho chatsopano chinachitika pa 20 January 2015, pamene Edgar Lungu anasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti wachisanu ndi chimodzi.

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Zambia