Zilonda Zapakhungu
Zilonda zapakhungu zomwe pa Chingelezi zimatchedwa Leishmaniasis kapenanso leishmaniosis, ndi matenda amene amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo ta m'gulu la mapulotozowa otchedwa Leishmania ndipo tizilomboti zimafalitsidwa ndi ntchentche zinazake zoluma.[1] Matendawa angagawidwe m'magulu atatu: zilonda zazikulu, zilonda zamafinya, ndiponso zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za mkati mwathupi.[1] Matenda a m'gulu loyambalo amadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwa zilonda zake, pomwe a m'gulu lachiwirilo amadziwika ndi zilonda zamafinya pakhungu, m'kamwa ndiponso m'phuno, pomwe gulu lomalizalo limadziwika ndi zilonda zapakhungu, kuphwanya thupi, kuchepa kwa masero ofiira m'thupi, ndiponso kutupa kwa kapamba ndi chiwindi.[1][2]
| Zilonda Zapakhungu | |
|---|---|
| Magulu ndiponso kumene kwachokera zinthu | |
 | |
| ICD/CIM-10 | B55 B55 |
| ICD/CIM-9 | 085 085 |
| DiseasesDB | 3266 |
| MedlinePlus | 001386 |
Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi mitundu yoposa 20 ya tizilombo totchedwa Leishmania.[1] Zinthu zinanso zimene zimachititsa kuti matendawa afalikire kwambiri ndi umphawi, kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndiponso kuchulukana kwa anthu m'matauni.[1] Madokotala angadziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, mtundu uliwonse pa mitundu itatu ija, ngati ataunika chilonda cha munthuyo ndi makina oonera zinthu zosaoneka ndi maso kuti aone tizilomboto.[1] Kuwonjezera pamenepa, matenda a zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za mkati mwa thupi angadziwike ngati madokotala atayeza magazi a munthu amene akuoneka kuti akudwala.[2]
Anthu angapewe matendawa ngati atamagona m'maneti onyikidwa m'mankhwala.[1] Zinthu zinanso zimene zingathandize munthu kupewa matendawa ndi kupopera mankhwala opha tizilombo touluka monga ntchentche, komanso ngati kulandira thandizo lakuchipatala akangoyamba kumene kudwala n'cholinga choti matendawa asafalikire.[1] Madokotala amapereka mankhwala oyenerera kwa wodwala potengera malo amene watengera matendawo, mtundu wa tizilombo ta Leishmania timene tayambitsa matendawa, komanso mtundu wa matendawo.[1] Ena mwa mankhwala amene amathandiza kuchiza matenda a zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za m'kati mwathupi ndi liposomal amphotericin B,[3] komanso mankhwala a pentavalent antimonials kuwaphatikiza ndi a paromomycin , ndi Miltefosine.[4] Ndipo zilonda zikuluzikulu za pakhungu zingachiritsidwe ndi paromomycin, fluconazole, kapenanso pentamidine.[5]
Panopa, pali anthu pafupifupi 12 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matendawa[6] m'mayiko okwana 98.[2] Ndipo chaka chilichonse, anthu atsopano okwana pafupifupi 2 miliyoni amatenga matendawa [2] ndipo anthu oyambira pa 20 mpaka 50 sauzande amamwalira ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse.[1][7] Anthu pafupifupi 200 miliyoni a ku Asia, Africa, South ndi Central America, ndiponso m'mayiko ena a kummwera kwa Ulaya akukhala m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala.[2][8] Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonsen limagula mankhwala a matendawa pa mtengo wotsikirapo n'cholinga choti anthu omwe akudwala azilandira thandizo mosavuta.[2] Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kugwira zinyama zosiyanasiyana, monga agalu, makoswe, mbewa, mbira, ndi zina zotero.[1]
Malifalensi
Sinthani- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Leishmaniasis Fact sheet N°375". World Health Organization. January 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Barrett, MP; Croft, SL (2012). "Management of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis". British medical bulletin. 104: 175–96. doi:10.1093/bmb/lds031. PMC 3530408. PMID 23137768.
- ↑ Sundar, S; Chakravarty, J (Jan 2013). "Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy". Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 14 (1): 53–63. doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.755515. PMID 23256501.
- ↑ Dorlo, TP; Balasegaram, M; Beijnen, JH; de Vries, PJ (Nov 2012). "Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis". The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 67 (11): 2576–97. doi:10.1093/jac/dks275. PMID 22833634.
- ↑ Minodier, P; Parola, P (May 2007). "Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment". Travel medicine and infectious disease. 5 (3): 150–8. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004. PMID 17448941.
- ↑ "Leishmaniasis Magnitude of the problem". World Health Organization. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ↑ Lozano, R (Dec 15, 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID 23245604.
- ↑ Ejazi, SA; Ali, N (Jan 2013). "Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects". Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 11 (1): 79–98. doi:10.1586/eri.12.148. PMID 23428104.