Vincent van Gogh

Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: [vɪnsɛnt ʋɪləm vɑŋ ɣɔx] 30 March 1853 - 29 July 1890) anali wojambula wa Dutch Post-Impressionist yemwe ndi mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri komanso olemekezeka m'mbiri ya zamakono a West. Pa zaka khumi zokha analenga zithunzi pafupifupi 2,100, kuphatikizapo zithunzi 860 za mafuta, ambiri mwa zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Zimaphatikizapo malo, zamoyo, zithunzi komanso zojambulajambula, ndipo zimadziwika ndi mitundu yolimba komanso zojambula zochititsa chidwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maziko a zamakono apange. Adzipha pazaka 37 zotsatira za matenda aumphawi ndi umphawi.

Kudzijambula, 1887, Art Institute ya Chicago

Atabadwira m'banja lapamwamba, Van Gogh adakali mwana ndipo anali wolimba, wamtendere komanso woganizira. Ali mnyamata adagwira ntchito yogulitsa luso, nthawi zambiri akuyenda, koma adasokonezeka atatumizidwa ku London. Anatembenukira ku chipembedzo, ndipo anakhala nthawi yaumishonale wa Chiprotestanti kumpoto kwa Belgium. Anayamba kudwala ndi kudzipatula asanayambe kujambula mu 1881, atabwerera kunyumba ndi makolo ake. Mng'ono wake Theo anamuthandiza pa zachuma, ndipo awiriwo adalemba kalata yaitali. Ntchito zake zoyambirira, makamaka zamoyo ndi ziwonetsero za antchito olima, ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa za mtundu woonekera womwe unasiyanitsa ntchito yake yotsatira. Mu 1886, anasamukira ku Paris, kumene anakumana ndi anthu a avant-garde, kuphatikizapo Emile Bernard ndi Paul Gauguin, omwe anali kutsutsana ndi chidwi cha Impressionist. Pamene ntchito yake inakhazikitsidwa adayambitsa njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu komanso mizinda. Zithunzi zake zinakula kwambiri pamene adayamba kalembedwe kake pamene adakhala ku Arles kum'mwera kwa France mu 1888. Pa nthawiyi adakulitsa nkhani yake kuphatikizapo mitengo ya azitona, minda ya tirigu ndi mpendadzuwa.

Zaka zoyambirira

Vincent Willem van Gogh anabadwa pa 30 March 1853 ndikulowa m'banja la Dutch Reformed ku Groot-Zundert, m'chigawo chachikulu cha Katolika cha North Brabant kum'mwera kwa Netherlands. Iye anali mwana wamkulu kwambiri wa Theodorus van Gogh, mtumiki wa Tchalitchi cha Dutch Reformed, ndi Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Van Gogh anapatsidwa dzina la agogo ake aamuna, ndi a mchimwene wake anabadwa chimodzimodzi chaka chimodzi asanabadwe.Vincent anali dzina lofala m'banja la Van Gogh: agogo ake aamuna, a Vincent (1789-1874), omwe adalandira digiri ya zamulungu pa M'chaka cha 1811, yunivesite ya Leiden, inali ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi, ndipo atatu mwa iwo anakhala opanga zamalonda. Vincent uyu angakhale atatchulidwa dzina la amalume ake aang'ono, ojambula zithunzi (1729-1802).

Amayi a Van Gogh adachokera ku banja lolemera ku The Hague, ndipo bambo ake anali mwana wamng'ono kwambiri wa mtumiki. Onse awiri anakumana pamene mchemwali wake wa Anna, Cornelia, anakwatira mkulu wa Theodorus, Vincent (Cent). Makolo a Van Gogh anakwatira mu May 1851 ndipo anasamukira ku Zundert. Mbale wake Theo anabadwa pa 1 May 1857. Panali m'bale wina, Cor, ndi alongo atatu: Elisabeth, Anna, ndi Willemina (wotchedwa "Wil"). M'moyo wam'tsogolo Van Vangh adangogwirizana ndi Willemina ndi Theo. Amayi a Van Gogh anali amayi okhwima komanso achipembedzo omwe anagogomezera kufunikira kwa banja mpaka kufotokozera anthu omwe ali pafupi naye. Malipiro a Theodorus anali odzichepetsa, koma Tchalitchi chinapatsa banjali nyumba, mdzakazi, ophika awiri, woyang'anira munda, galimoto ndi kavalo, ndipo Anna adalimbikitsa ana kuti azikhala ndi udindo wopititsa patsogolo banja lawo.

Van Gogh anali mwana wamkulu komanso woganizira. Anaphunzitsidwa pakhomo ndi amayi ake komanso wophunzira, ndipo mu 1860 anatumizidwa ku sukulu ya kumudzi. Mu 1864 adayikidwa ku sukulu ya abusa ku Zevenbergen, komwe adamva kuti achoka, ndipo adalimbikitsidwa kubwerera kwawo. M'malomwake, mu 1866 makolo ake anamutumiza ku sukulu yapakati ku Tilburg, komwe sanasangalale kwambiri. Chidwi chake chojambula chinayamba ali wamng'ono. Analimbikitsidwa kutengera mwana wake ndi mwana wake, ndipo zojambula zake ndizofotokozera, koma sakuyandikira kwambiri ntchito yake yotsatira.Constant Cornelis Huijsmans, yemwe adali katswiri wojambula ku Paris, adaphunzitsa ophunzira ku Tilburg. Filosofi yake inali kukana njira kuti atenge zojambula za zinthu, makamaka zachilengedwe kapena zinthu zofala. Kusakhutira kwakukulu kwa Van Gogh kumawoneka kuti kwakuphimba maphunziro, omwe analibe zotsatira; mu March 1868 adabwerera kwawo mwamsanga. Pambuyo pake analemba kuti unyamata wake unali "wotentha komanso wozizira, wosabala".

Mu Julayi 1869 Bambo ake a uncle a Van Gogh adapeza udindo kwa ogulitsa malonda Goupil & Cie ku The Hague. Atamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1873, adasamutsira ku ofesi ya Goupil ku London ku Southampton Street, ndipo adakhala ku 87 Hackford Road, Stockwell. Iyi inali nthawi yosangalatsa kwa Van Gogh; iye anali wopambana kuntchito, ndipo pa 20 anali kupeza zochuluka kuposa bambo ake. Mkazi wa Theo adanena kuti uwu unali chaka chabwino kwambiri cha moyo wa Vincent. Anakopeka ndi mwana wamkazi wa nyumba yake, Eugénie Loyer, koma anakanidwa atavomereza maganizo ake; iye analumikizidwa mwachinsinsi kwa yemwe kale anali ogona. Iye anakula kwambiri, ndipo anali wolimba mtima mwachipembedzo. Bambo ake ndi amalume ake anakonza zoti apite ku Paris mu 1875, komwe adakwiya kwambiri ndi nkhani monga momwe amachitira zojambulajambula, ndipo adachotsedwa chaka chimodzi.

Reputation

Kwa Zinthu Zakale Za Vincent van Gogh

Vincent Willem van Gogh (1890-1978), dzina lake Vincent Willem van Gogh (1890-1978), analandira nyumbayo pambuyo pa imfa ya amayi ake mu 1925. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, adakonza zolemba makalata onse omwe analembedwa m'mabuku anayi ndi zinenero zambiri. Kenaka adayamba kukambirana ndi boma la Dutch kuti athandizire maziko oti agule ndikugulitsa zonsezo. Mwana wa Theo anatenga nawo mbali pokonzekera polojekitiyo poganiza kuti ntchitoyi idzawonetsedwa pansi pazifukwa zabwino. Ntchitoyi inayamba mu 1963; Katswiri wina wa zomangamanga dzina lake Gerrit Rietveld anapatsidwa ntchito yoti apange, ndipo atamwalira mu 1964, Kisho Kurokawa anatenga udindo. Ntchito inapita patsogolo m'zaka za m'ma 1960, ndi 1972 monga cholinga cha kutseguka kwake.

Nyumba ya Van Gogh inatsegulidwa ku Museum Museum ku Amsterdam m'chaka cha 1973. Idamakhala nyumba yachiwiri yotchuka ku Netherlands, pambuyo pa Rijksmuseum, yomwe imalandira alendo oposa 1.5 miliyoni pa chaka. Mu 2015 anali ndi mbiri 1.9 miliyoni; [293] 85 peresenti ya alendo ochokera kumayiko ena.

Zosowa

• Arnold, Wilfred Niels (1992). Vincent van Gogh: Chemicals, Crises, and Creativity. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-3-7643-3616-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Arnold, Wilfred Niels (2004). "The illness of Vincent van Gogh" (PDF). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 13 (1): 22–43. doi:10.1080/09647040490885475. PMID 15370335.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Blumer, Dietrich (2002). "The Illness of Vincent van Gogh". American Journal of Psychiatry. 159 (4): 519–526. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.519. PMID 11925286.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)Template:Open access
• Callow, Philip (1990). Vincent van Gogh: A Life. Ivan R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-134-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Channing, Laurence; Bradley, Barbara J. (2007). Monet to Dalí: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-940717-90-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Cohen, Ben (2003). "A Tale of Two Ears". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 96 (6): 305–6. doi:10.1258/jrsm.96.6.305. PMC 539517. PMID 12782701.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Davies, Christopher (2007). Divided by a Common Language: A Guide to British and American English. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-35028-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Doiteau, Victor; Leroy, Edgard (1928). La Folie de Vincent Van Gogh (in French). Éditions Aesculape. OCLC 458125921.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Dorn, Roland (1990). Décoration: Vincent van Gogh's Werkreihe für das Gelbe Haus in Arles [Décoration: Vincent van Gogh's Series of Works for the Yellow House in Arles] (in German). Olms Verlag. ISBN 978-3-487-09098-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Template:Cite contribution Other editions: ISBN 978-3-923641-31-4 (German); ISBN 978-90-6630-247-1(Dutch)
• Template:Cite contribution
• Dorn, Roland; Schröder, Albrecht; Sillevis, John, eds. (1996). Van Gogh und die Haager Schule. Bank Austria Kunstforum. ISBN 978-88-8118-072-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Template:Cite contribution
• Edwards, Cliff (1989). Van Gogh and God: A Creative Spiritual Quest. Loyola University Press. ISBN 978-0-8294-0621-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Erickson, Kathleen Powers (1998). At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van Gogh. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4978-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Faille, Jacob-Baart de la (1928). L'Oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh: Catalogue Raisonnée (4 volumes) (in French). G. van Oest. OCLC 3312853.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Farr, Dennis; Peppiatt, Michael; Yard, Sally (1999). Francis Bacon: A Retrospective. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-2925-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Feilchenfeldt, Walter (2013). Vincent Van Gogh: The Years in France: Complete Paintings 1886–1890. Philip Wilson. ISBN 978-1-78130-019-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Fell, Derek (1997). The Impressionist Garden. Frances Lincoln. ISBN 978-0-7112-1148-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Fell, Derek (2015). Van Gogh's Women: His Love Affairs and Journey into Madness. Pavilion Books. ISBN 978-1-910232-42-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Gayford, Martin (2006). The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Arles. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-91497-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Geskó, Judit, ed. (2006). Van Gogh in Budapest. Vince Books. ISBN 978-963-7063-34-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link); ISBN 963-7063-33-1 (Hungarian)
• Grant, Patrick (2014). The Letters of Vincent van Gogh: A Critical Study. Athabasca University Press. ISBN 978-1-927356-74-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hammacher, Abraham M. (1985). Vincent van Gogh: Genius and Disaster. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-8067-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hayden, Deborah (2003). Pox: Genius, Madness and the Mysteries of Syphilis. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02881-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hemphill, R. E. (1961). "The illness of Vincent van Gogh". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 54: 1083–1088.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hughes, Robert (1990). Nothing If Not Critical. The Harvill Press. ISBN 978-0-14-016524-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hughes, Robert (2002). The Portable Van Gogh. Universe. ISBN 978-0-7893-0803-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hulsker, Jan (1980). The Complete Van Gogh. Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-2028-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hulsker, Jan (1990). Vincent and Theo Van Gogh: A Dual Biography. Fuller Publications. ISBN 978-0-940537-05-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Lubin, Albert J. (1972). Stranger on the Earth: A Psychological Biography of Vincent van Gogh. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-091352-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• McQuillan, Melissa (1989). Van Gogh. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20232-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Naifeh, Steven W.; Smith, Gregory White (2011). Van Gogh: The Life. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50748-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Nemeczek, Alfred (1999). Van Gogh in Arles. Prestel Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7913-2230-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Perry, Isabella H. (1947). "Vincent van Gogh's illness: a case record". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 21: 146–172.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Template:Cite contribution
• Template:Cite contribution
• Template:Cite contribution
• Pomerans, Arnold (1997). The Letters of Vincent van Gogh. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0-14-044674-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rewald, John (1978). Post-Impressionism: From van Gogh to Gauguin. Secker & Warburg. ISBN 978-0-436-41151-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rewald, John (1986). Studies in Post-Impressionism. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-1632-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rosenblum, Robert (1975). Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-430057-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rovers, Eva (2007). "'He Is the Key and the Antithesis of so Much': Helene Kröller-Müller's Fascination with Vincent van Gogh". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 33 (4): 258–272. JSTOR 25608496.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Selz, Peter Howard (1968). German Expressionist Painting. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02515-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Sund, Judy (1988). "The Sower and the Sheaf: Biblical Metaphor in the Art of Vincent van Gogh". The Art Bulletin. 70 (4): 660–676. doi:10.2307/3051107. JSTOR 3051107.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Spurling, Hilary (1998). The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, Vol. 1, 1869–1908. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-679-43428-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Sund, Judy (2002). Van Gogh. Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-4084-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Sweetman, David (1990). Van Gogh: His Life and His Art. Touchstone. ISBN 978-0-671-74338-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Tralbaut, Marc Edo (1981) [1969]. Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé (in French). Alpine Fine Arts. ISBN 0-933516-31-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van der Veen, Wouter; Knapp, Peter (2010). Van Gogh in Auvers: His Last Days. Monacelli Press. ISBN 978-1-58093-301-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van der Wolk, Johannes (1987). De schetsboeken van Vincent van Gogh [The Sketchbooks of Vincent van Gogh] (in Dutch). Meulenhoff/Landshoff. ISBN 978-90-290-8154-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van Gogh, Vincent (2009). Leo Jansen; Hans Luijten; Nienke Bakker (eds.). Vincent van Gogh – The Letters. Van Gogh Museum & Huygens ING.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van Heugten, Sjraar (1996). Vincent van Gogh: tekeningen 1: Vroege jaren 1880–1883 [Vincent van Gogh: Drawings 1: Early years 1880–1883] (in Dutch). V+K. ISBN 978-90-6611-501-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Van Uitert, Evert (1981). "Van Gogh's Concept of His Oeuvre". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 12 (4): 223–244. doi:10.2307/3780499. JSTOR 3780499.
• van Uitert, Evert; van Tilborgh, Louis; van Heugten, Sjraar, eds. (1990). "(exh. cat)". Vincent van Gogh. Arnoldo Mondadori Arte de Luca. ISBN 88-242-0022-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Walther, Ingo; Metzger, Rainer (1994). Van Gogh: the Complete Paintings. Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8228-0291-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Weikop, Christian (2007). "Exhibition Reviews: Van Gogh and Expressionism. Amsterdam and New York". The Burlington Magazine. 149 (1248): 208–209. JSTOR 20074786.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Wilkie, Kenneth (2004). The Van Gogh File: The Myth and the Man. Souvenir Press. ISBN 978-0-285-63691-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)