Chithunzi cha Mafuta

Chithunzi cha Mafuta ndi njira yopenta yomwe imaphatikizapo kupenta ndi utoto wokhala ndi mafuta owumitsa ngati chomangira. Yakhala njira yodziwika bwino yojambula zojambulajambula pansalu, matabwa kapena mkuwa kwa zaka mazana angapo, kufalikira kuchokera ku Ulaya kupita kudziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino wa mafuta ojambulira zithunzi ndi monga "kusinthasintha kwakukulu, mtundu wolemera ndi wandiweyani, kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo, komanso kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku kuwala kupita kumdima". Koma njirayi imachedwa, makamaka pamene pepala limodzi liyenera kuloledwa kuti liume musanagwiritse ntchito lina.

Mona Lisa adapangidwa ndi Leonardo da Vinci pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wamafuta munthawi ya Renaissance m'zaka za zana la 15..

Zojambula zakale kwambiri zodziwika bwino zamafuta zidapangidwa ndi akatswiri achibuda ku Afghanistan ndipo zidayamba m'zaka za m'ma 700 AD. Utoto wamafuta unkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi azungu popenta ziboliboli ndi matabwa kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1200, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kofala pazithunzi zojambulidwa kudayamba ndi utoto wa Early Netherlandish ku Northern Europe, ndipo pofika kutalika kwa Renaissance, njira zopenta mafuta zinali zitalowa m'malo mwake. kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa dzira pazithunzi zambiri ku Europe, ngakhale osati kwa zithunzi za Orthodox kapena zojambula pakhoma, pomwe tempera ndi fresco, motsatana, zidakhalabe zachizolowezi. kusankha.

Mafuta owumitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo mafuta a linseed, mafuta a poppy, mafuta a mtedza, ndi mafuta a safflower. Kusankhidwa kwa mafuta kumapereka zinthu zambiri ku utoto, monga kuchuluka kwa chikasu kapena nthawi yowuma. Utoto ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi turpentine. Kusiyana kwina, kutengera mafuta, kumawonekeranso mu sheen ya utoto. Wojambula angagwiritse ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana muzojambula zomwezo malinga ndi maonekedwe ndi zotsatira zomwe akufuna. Utoto wokhawo umakhalanso ndi kugwirizana kwapadera malinga ndi sing'anga. Mafutawa amatha kuwiritsidwa ndi utomoni, monga utomoni wa paini kapena lubani, kuti apange vanishi kuti atetezedwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Utoto wokha ukhoza kupangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi pulasitiki yake.