DNA

DNA, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti deoxyribonucleic acid, ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'thupi la zamoyo. Ndi mtundu wa molecule yomwe imasunga malangizo a jeni. DNA ili m'makoswe amitundu yonse yamoyo ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakukula, kukula, ndi kubereka kwa zamoyo.

M'mawonekedwe ake, DNA imakhala ngati mzere wopindika wotchedwa helix iwiri. Ili ndi ma nucleotides anayi: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), ndi guanine (G). Kukonzekera kwa ma nucleotides awa m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana kumapanga ma jini, omwe ndi malangizo a momwe thupi lizigwirira ntchito.

Pa chigawo cha kubereka, DNA imatha kudzipatula ndikupanga makope awiri ofanana ndi ake. Izi zimathandiza kuti zamoyo zitha kupanga zidzukulu zofanana ndi iwo.

DNA imathandizanso popanga ma protein, omwe ndi ofunikira pa ntchito zambiri za thupi. Ma jini a m'DNA amapereka malangizo opanga ma protein, omwe amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kumanga zinthu, kuchiza matenda, ndi kukonza maselo.

Choncho, DNA ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuyendetsa moyo ndipo imakhudza chilichonse kuyambira pa mawonekedwe a thupi mpaka kwa matenda omwe munthu angakhale nawo.